Ethereum Layer 2 Rollups: Optimistic Rollups vs ZK-Rollups and EIP-4844 Blobs
Comprehensive guide to L2 scaling: fraud proofs, validity proofs, sequencer centralization, and the revolutionary fee reduction of EIP-4844 blobspace.
How Layer 2 rollups bundle thousands of transactions off-chain, posting cryptographic compressed proofs to Ethereum Mainnet at 95% lower cost.
1. Off-Chain Execution with On-Chain Security
Layer 2 rollups execute transactions outside the congested Ethereum L1 execution environment, bundle state changes, and anchor data availability to Ethereum.
Following Ethereum's Dencun upgrade (EIP-4844), rollups write transaction data into temporary data 'blobs' instead of costly calldata, reducing L2 transfer fees to fractions of a cent.
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