Ethereum Proof of Stake (The Merge): Validators, Slashing, and Monetary Deflation
Detailed breakdown of Ethereum's transition from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake, validator duties, attestations, and net issuance dynamics.
How Ethereum replaced energy-intensive mining rigs with 32 ETH staked validator nodes, reducing protocol energy consumption by 99.95%.
1. Validator Consensus and Slashing
Validators deposit 32 ETH into the official deposit contract to participate in consensus. They are randomly assigned to committees to propose and attest to blocks.
Equivocation (double voting or proposing conflicting blocks) results in Slashing: permanent destruction of staked ETH and eviction from the validator set.
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