Solana Account Model vs Ethereum EVM: Code/Data Separation and Rent Exemption
An architectural comparison between EVM smart contracts (monolithic code + state storage) and Solana programs (stateless code + data accounts).
Why Solana programs are completely stateless, how Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) manage state, and why rent exemption lamports exist.
1. Separation of Executable Code and Mutable State
On Ethereum, an ERC-20 contract stores its code and balances inside the same monolithic state tree. On Solana, programs are completely stateless and executable.
Token balances are stored in external data accounts owned by the Token Program. Accounts must maintain a minimum Lamport balance (Rent Exemption) to pay for validator storage.
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