Zero-Knowledge Proofs Explained: ZK-SNARKs, ZK-STARKs, and Privacy Scaling
How mathematical zero-knowledge proofs enable verifying computation correctness without revealing the underlying data.
From polynomial commitments to arithmetic circuits: how ZK technology powers next-generation privacy and massive layer 2 rollups.
1. Prover, Verifier, and Zero-Knowledge
A zero-knowledge proof allows a Prover to demonstrate to a Verifier that a mathematical statement is true, without revealing any secret information beyond the validity of the statement itself.
ZK-SNARKs require a trusted cryptographic setup but generate tiny proof sizes (hundreds of bytes). ZK-STARKs eliminate trusted setups and are post-quantum secure, but require larger proof payloads.
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